12.110 Centre of Gravity (C of G)

12.110.2 State the reasons for operating an aircraft within the C of G limits.

Aircraft must be operated within approved C of G limits to ensure:

Adequate Stability

• The aircraft remains properly balanced in flight
• Provides normal stability about the pitch axis

Adequate Control

• The pilot has sufficient control authority to manoeuvre the aircraft safely
• Ensures effective rotation, flare, and recovery from unusual attitudes

Structural Safety

• Prevents excessive loads on the airframe and control surfaces

Predictable Performance

• Maintains expected take-off, climb, cruise, and landing performance

Safe Stall Characteristics

• Helps ensure normal stall warning and stall behaviour

Efficiency

• Reduces unnecessary trim drag and improves fuel efficiency

Summary:
Operating within C of G limits ensures safe stability, adequate control, structural protection, predictable performance, and efficient aircraft operation.

12.110.4 State the effect on the stability and control of an aircraft if flown with the C of G at the:

The stability and control of an aircraft can be affected if it is flown with the C of G at the forward or aft limit.