12.16 Fuel

12.16.2 State the common types of fuels and their colour identification.

Aviation Gasoline (AVGAS):

• AVGAS 100LL (Low Lead)
  • Performance No: 100/130
  • Colour: Blue
  • Specific Gravity: ~0.72
• AVGAS 100 (High Lead)
  • Performance No: 100/130
  • Colour: Green
  • Specific Gravity: ~0.72
• AVGAS 115 (High Lead)
  • Performance No: 115/145
  • Colour: Green
  • Specific Gravity: ~0.72
   

Aviation Turbine Fuel (AVTUR):

• Jet A-1
  • Type: Kerosene-based fuel
  • Colour: Straw yellow to colourless (not dyed)
  • Specific Gravity: ~0.80 at 15°C
  • Flash Point: ~38°C
  • Freezing (waxing) point: ~ -47°C
   

Summary:

• AVGAS fuels are dyed for identification (Blue or Green)
• Turbine fuels (Jet A-1) are not dyed and appear clear to pale yellow

12.16.4 Distinguish between the different characteristics of AVGAS, MOGAS and AVTUR (Jet A1).

These fuels differ in composition, operating characteristics, and application.

AVGAS (Aviation Gasoline)

• Type: High-octane petrol (gasoline)
• Use: Piston-engine aircraft
• Ignition: Spark ignition
• Octane rating: High (e.g. 100/130) to resist detonation
• Volatility: High (evaporates readily)
• Flash point: Low
• Additives: Contains lead (e.g. 100LL) for anti-knock properties
• Colour: Dyed (e.g. blue for 100LL)
• Specific gravity: ~0.72