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Spatial Orientation
The Definition of Spatial Orientation
Spatial orientation is knowing which way is up and being aware of the position and movement of the body and aircraft.
It allows us to recognise whether we are:
- upright;
- leaning sideways;
- moving forwards or backwards; or
- turning or accelerating.The main systems used for spatial orientation are:
- the visual system;
- the vestibular system in the inner ear; and
- the proprioceptive system, which senses body position and movement.
The Definition of Disorientation
Spatial disorientation is the loss of an accurate sense of the aircraft's attitude, position or movement.
The flying environment can create conflicting information between the senses.
Changes in:
- aircraft attitude;
- visibility;
- G-forces; and
- speed
can cause the pilot's orientation system to become confused.
Pilots rely heavily on the natural horizon for orientation.
If the horizon is obscured or misleading, the pilot may begin to rely on the inner ear or the feeling of movement through the body.
These senses can be easily fooled.
If spatial disorientation is suspected, the pilot should immediately refer to the aircraft instruments rather than trusting bodily sensations.