Climbing & Descending

Do a Max performance T/O with out flap to show Vx and Vy

Best angle – 54kts    

Note nose attitude & ROC . 

This is the most height gained in a given distance, we could use this to climb over an obstacle after take off that may be in our flight path.

Best rate – 67kts       

Note nose attitude & ROC. 

This is the most height gained in a given time, we could use this if we want to climb to an altitude in the fastest amount of time.

Cruise                         

A/c nose on horizon (make sure students eyes are at top of door)

Note nose attitude & ROC

We could use this if we want to climb with better forward visibility, a faster groundspeed and better engine cooling.

Effect of flap on climb performance. 

Note lower nose attitude & decreased ROC

DEMO Airspeed chasing

get student to try to maintain a speed by looking at the airspeed indicator

Climb

INSTRUCTOR (student to follow through)

Ref pt (DI), Ref alt (cloud, airspace), Lookout

Entry - PAT

P is for Power             

mixture rich, full power, keep straight with rudder on ref point

A is for Attitude         

with elevator, set and hold climb attitude

with aileron maintain wings level

T is for Trim                  

relieve control column pressure

Here we are established in a climb. Note where the nose is in relation to the horizon, with this attitude we’ll maintain a constant airspeed.

Our wings are level we are maintaining constant direction.

The ball is centralised we are in balance.

We have full power set giving us a ROC of about ____fpm.

The aircraft is trimmed for ‘Hands Free’

Use scan technique to maintain (ref back to S+L brief for more detailed LAI)

Lookout

Attitude

Instruments

Exit - APT

A is for Attitude

select S & L attitude

P is for Power

through 90kts, decrease power to 2300rpm

T is for Trim

as required to relieve control column pressure

FOLLOW THROUGH

STUDENT

Descent

INSTRUCTOR (student to follow through)

Ref pt (DI), Ref alt (not below minimums), Lookout

Entry - PAT

P is for Power             

mixture rich, carb heat hot, close throttle, keep straight with rudder on ref point (left rudder) & hold level (straight and level attitude) as A/S approaches 65kts.

A is for Attitude         

with elevator, set and hold descent attitude  

with aileron maintain wings level

T is for Trim                  

relieve control column pressure

Here we are established in a glide descent. 

Note where the nose is in relation to the horizon, with this attitude we’ll maintain our airspeed.

Our wings are level we are maintaining constant direction.

The ball is centralised we are in balance.

We have a positive ROD.

The aircraft is trimmed for ‘Hands Free’

Use scan technique – to maintain

Lookout         gentle S turns (prolonged descent)

Attitude          hold, confirm wings level

Instruments    confirm performance

Anticipate by 100ft, carb heat cold

Exit - PAT

P is for Power

increase to full power, keep straight with rudder on ref point (right rudder)

A is for Attitude

smoothly select S & L attitude

T is for Trim

as required to relieve C/C pressure

Talk student through the climb

Let student do the climb by them selves and critique them on it

Talk student through the descent if you didn’t have enough time to do it on the first descent.

Let student do the descent by them selves and critique them on it.

FOLLOW THROUGH

STUDENT

DEMONSTRATION

Cruise descent – 2100rpm 100kts

Approach descent – 1500rpm, 70kts.

Effect of power on descent performance (leave a/c in the approach descent)

At a constant A/S, an increase of power will:     

decrease ROD

decrease angle   

increase range

Effect of flap on descent performance. At a constant A/S, lowering flap will:                                                                                            

increase ROD   

increase angle

decrease range