Instructor » Fixed Wing Patter » Climbing & Descending
Climbing & Descending
Do a Max performance T/O with out flap to show Vx and Vy
Best angle – 54kts
Note nose attitude & ROC .
This is the most height gained in a given distance, we could use this to climb over an obstacle after take off that may be in our flight path.
Best rate – 67kts
Note nose attitude & ROC.
This is the most height gained in a given time, we could use this if we want to climb to an altitude in the fastest amount of time.
Cruise
A/c nose on horizon (make sure students eyes are at top of door)
Note nose attitude & ROC
We could use this if we want to climb with better forward visibility, a faster groundspeed and better engine cooling.
Effect of flap on climb performance.
Note lower nose attitude & decreased ROC
DEMO Airspeed chasing
get student to try to maintain a speed by looking at the airspeed indicator
Climb
INSTRUCTOR (student to follow through)
Ref pt (DI), Ref alt (cloud, airspace), Lookout
Entry - PAT
P is for Power
mixture rich, full power, keep straight with rudder on ref point
A is for Attitude
with elevator, set and hold climb attitude
with aileron maintain wings level
T is for Trim
relieve control column pressure
Here we are established in a climb. Note where the nose is in relation to the horizon, with this attitude we’ll maintain a constant airspeed.
Our wings are level we are maintaining constant direction.
The ball is centralised we are in balance.
We have full power set giving us a ROC of about ____fpm.
The aircraft is trimmed for ‘Hands Free’
Use scan technique to maintain (ref back to S+L brief for more detailed LAI)
Lookout
Attitude
Instruments
Exit - APT
A is for Attitude
select S & L attitude
P is for Power
through 90kts, decrease power to 2300rpm
T is for Trim
as required to relieve control column pressure
FOLLOW THROUGH
STUDENT
Descent
INSTRUCTOR (student to follow through)
Ref pt (DI), Ref alt (not below minimums), Lookout
Entry - PAT
P is for Power
mixture rich, carb heat hot, close throttle, keep straight with rudder on ref point (left rudder) & hold level (straight and level attitude) as A/S approaches 65kts.
A is for Attitude
with elevator, set and hold descent attitude
with aileron maintain wings level
T is for Trim
relieve control column pressure
Here we are established in a glide descent.
Note where the nose is in relation to the horizon, with this attitude we’ll maintain our airspeed.
Our wings are level we are maintaining constant direction.
The ball is centralised we are in balance.
We have a positive ROD.
The aircraft is trimmed for ‘Hands Free’
Use scan technique – to maintain
Lookout gentle S turns (prolonged descent)
Attitude hold, confirm wings level
Instruments confirm performance
Anticipate by 100ft, carb heat cold
Exit - PAT
P is for Power
increase to full power, keep straight with rudder on ref point (right rudder)
A is for Attitude
smoothly select S & L attitude
T is for Trim
as required to relieve C/C pressure
Talk student through the climb
Let student do the climb by them selves and critique them on it
Talk student through the descent if you didn’t have enough time to do it on the first descent.
Let student do the descent by them selves and critique them on it.
FOLLOW THROUGH
STUDENT
DEMONSTRATION
Cruise descent – 2100rpm 100kts
Approach descent – 1500rpm, 70kts.
Effect of power on descent performance (leave a/c in the approach descent)
At a constant A/S, an increase of power will:
decrease ROD
decrease angle
increase range
Effect of flap on descent performance. At a constant A/S, lowering flap will:
increase ROD
increase angle
decrease range