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Instruments

Static pressure is the pressure of the air at rest, which is the same in all directions.

The main factors which affect static pressure are altitude, temperature, and humidity.

As altitude increases, static pressure decreases due to the decrease in the density of the air.
As temperature increases, static pressure decreases due to the decrease in the density of the air.
As humidity increases, static pressure decreases due to the increase in the water vapor content of the air.

Dynamic pressure is the pressure of the air in motion, which is caused by the kinetic energy of the air molecules.

The main factors which affect dynamic pressure are airspeed and air density.

As airspeed increases, dynamic pressure increases due to the increase in the kinetic energy of the air molecules.
As air density increases, dynamic pressure increases due to the increase in the number of air molecules in motion.

Total pressure is a combination of the dynamic pressure (measured by the pitot tube) and the static pressure (measured by the static vents).

The pitot-static system consists of a pitot tube, a static port, and a network of hoses and instruments that measure the:

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