PPL » Aircraft Tech Knowledge (H) » Hazardous Flight Conditions
14.86 Hazardous Flight Conditions
14.86.2 Briefly state the conditions leading to, the symptoms of, and the pilot actions to avoid and/or recover from the following:
(a) vortex ring state;
Conditions Leading To:
- Low or zero airspeed
- High rate of descent
- High power setting (high collective)
- Rotor operating in its own downwash/recirculating air
Symptoms:
- High rate of descent despite high power
- Loss of lift / reduced rotor effectiveness
- Vibration / unsteady controls
- Little or no response to increased collective
Avoidance:
- Avoid steep powered descents at low airspeed
- Maintain adequate forward speed
- Monitor rate of descent
Recovery:
- Lower collective (reduce induced flow)
- Apply forward cyclic to gain airspeed (fly out of disturbed air)
- Enter clean airflow
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