Information Processing

Types of Memory

Short-Term / Working Memory

Short-term memory, also known as working memory, temporarily stores information that is currently being used.

It lasts only a short time unless the information is repeated or rehearsed.

For example, you may look up an unfamiliar telephone number and remember it just long enough to dial it. Unless the number has some particular significance or is repeated, it will usually be forgotten shortly afterwards.

Short-term memory is easily affected by distraction and interference.

For the purposes of the microlight exam:

• short-term memory can hold approximately 7 items, plus or minus 2; and
• information normally remains there for about 10 to 30 seconds without rehearsal.

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory stores information for much longer periods, from days to many years.

For example, a telephone number that is used regularly may eventually become part of long-term memory and can be recalled when required.

Repeating and using information helps transfer it into long-term memory.